Union-busting trial of Tesla may be a challenge to Silicon Valley

While unions are generally weak in the U.S., in the auto sector there are still strong unions. Tesla is an auto maker but also a key tech firm. The tech sector and Silicon Valley firms are almost free of unions except for a few contract workers.

Car makers have unions but tech companies do not

Musk has always run Tesla as a tech company. Tesla has done a complete redesign of cars and also of the factory workflow. There have been sudden changes in the firm and lots of investment but so far no profit. The cars themselves are high tech. The company can push over the air updates to the software in the car and totally change how it works. Unfortunately, they are also hackable. But they are still basically cars and are used just as conventional fossil-fuel powered cars are,

Tech companies are anti-union

The co-founder of Intel said that remaining non-union was essential for the survival of most tech companies. Companies often paid well and provided employees with perks and benefit packages designed to keep workers happy and feeling they were perhaps better off without a union. Kevin Roose wrote in 2013 the difference between Noyes and present tech entrepreneurs is that at present tech bosses think that unions should not exist anywhere: " When it comes to supporting traditional, UAW-style unions, though, the truth is that Silicon Valley is probably beyond reach. This generation’s tech moguls have gone far beyond Noyce’s claim that the technology industry should be free of those kinds of slow-moving, collective-bargaining organizations. Frequently, they now think every industry should be."

Several prominent venture capitalists have criticized unions. Steve Jobs maintained that the problem with modern schools were teachers' unions. Tech industry space billionaire Jeff Bezos and Amazon head Elon Musk both operate large tech companies that employ large relatively unskilled labor forces. Amazon showed its workers a 45 minute anti-union video part of which said: “We do not believe unions are in the best interest of our customers, our shareholders, or most importantly, our associates. Our business model is built upon speed, innovation, and customer obsession—things that are generally not associated with union. When we lose sight of those critical focus areas we jeopardize everyone’s job security: yours, mine, and the associates’.”

Auto manufacturers have long been unionized

Car companies in the US and elsewhere have been unionized for ages as a New York Times article put it: "Prodded by its once-powerful and socially conscious union, the auto industry served as the 20th-century trailblazer in spreading prosperity to millions of workers and their families and fostering middle-class security through higher wages and company-sponsored benefits.."

The United Auto Workers was formed way back in 1935. GM has been unionized since 1937, Ford since 1941. While union strength has dwindled as foreign competitors challenged the big three and union power generally was weakened in the US with the rise of globalization, unions still prevail in the auto manufacturing area even in the US. The auto workers union has been trying for years to organize at Tesla as it is after all a company that makes cars however high tech they are.

Tesla and Elon Musk resist unionization

In 2017 Tesla factory worker Jose Moran posted on Medium that long hours of work at Tesla stressed the bodies of workers. He also pointed out that Tesla pay was lower than that of other auto manufacturers. He urged workers to unionize. He also claimed that a confidentiality policy workers were required to sign frightened people and quashed unionization. Musk answered in an email claiming that the UAW did not share the Tesla mission. He said that the true allegiance of the UAW would not be to Tesla but the giant automakers from whom the union derived much more in dues than they would ever get from Tesla workers. One wonders then why the UAW would bother trying to unionize Tesla at all.

There is strong evidence of Musk's anti-union stance in some of his tweets. In May he tweeted: “Why pay union dues & give up stock options for nothing?” The UAW complained to the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) the next day.

Tesla is accused of breaking federal law to restrict organizing, as well as retaliating against pro-union workers. The trial started in June but ran only a few days before a gap, The trial was based upon an August 2017 complaint by the NLRB that Tesla was involved in illegal union busting. NLRB lawyers contend that one worker was fired and another warned after union involvement,

At the trial in Oakland California Moran testified that Musk told both him and a co-worker that representation from the UAW would mean that they would not really have a voice that only the UAW not the workers would have a voice. The next day there was testimony to the effect that the head of Tesla's human resources, Gaby Toledano was sent emails that discussed promoting Moran and a second union supporter so they could not continue working to unionize staff. Toledano has since left Tesla. The following day Tesla manager Josh Hedges testified that the company would not hire people who would not sign a confidentiality agreement as the company feared leaks. The NLRB claims that this illegally restricts workers' rights. Hedges is also leaving the company as of October 5. If found guilty no doubt Tesla will appeal.

Tech workers have expressed anger at how their products are used

Some tech workers have complained not so much as to their everyday working conditions but about their lack of control over how what they produce is used. 3,000 workers at Google signed a letter protesting the company's involvement in processing drone imagery for the Pentagon. Another 1,400 Googlers protested a possible censored search engine for China. More than 100 Microsoft employees signed a letter protesting the company's work with the US Immigration and Customs enforcement.

There are several groups attempting to organize engineers so that they can advocate for change. The change they want is some control over what they make and who it is used by. While at present the anti-union forces may be in some disarray there seems a divergence of interests between those such as the engineers whose basic working conditions are well enough looked after and those less-skilled on assembly line type jobs whose pay is low and working conditions are poor.

A recent article concludes: "If Tesla’s tactics are found to be illegal, and the company is punished, the burgeoning union movement in tech will be strengthened; if the company’s tactics are okayed, that’s a blow to unionization elsewhere. Tesla might be a car company, but it’s also a tech company — and if its workers can unionize, tech workers elsewhere are bound to start getting ideas. Likely, the pro-union Whole Foods workers are watching the Tesla trial closely." Whole Foods is owned by Amazon.

What could help unionization in the tech area is if skilled relatively well off workers showed solidarity with the demands of unskilled workers whom tech companies have yet to treat as valuable assets to be given reasonable salaries and improved working conditions as are the engineers.

Previously published in Digital Journal

As union density shrinks giant inflatable "Scabby the Rat" may be retired

The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that the percentage of US workers who are members of unions was just 11.3% in 2012, down from 11.8% in 2011.

The full set of statistics is available here. As has been the case for some time, the public sector is the most unionized section of the work force but even there, less than half the work force is unionized and the percentage is dropping as well, down from 37% IN 2011 to 35.9% in 2012.

As many traditional blue collar industries move overseas, younger workers are less likely to belong to a union. Union membership is highest among workers aged 55 to 64 at 14.9% while the lowest percentage of union membership is among ages 16 to 24 at just 4.2%

Union membership provides extra benefits for workers. In wages alone, organized workers earn on average 21% more than those not in companies with unions. Of course in some states now, workers in union-organized plants are able to benefit from the union activity and contract without belonging to the union or participating in the costs involved.

At present the percentage of private sector workers who are unionized is at a record low. In 1929, the year when statistics were first available, 12.4% of private workers were unionized. A mere 6.6% of private sector workers were organized in 2012, down from 6.9% in 2011.

Rather than using tradition as inspiration and attempting to instill some sense of solidarity with those who in the past helped many US workers to gain some measure of security and a reasonable standard of living, some in the AFL-CIO leadership want to break with the past.

Sean McGarvey head of the group's building trades department suggests that construction unions abandon their practice of exhibiting a huge inflatable rat at strikes and other events.

McGarvey tweeted this recommendation:

"Meeting with our Presidents and state councils. Issued a call to retire the inflatable rat. It does not reflect our new value proposition."

In spite of the fact that "scab" is a derogatory term for temporary workers hired during a strike to help break the strike, "Scabby the Rat" has become a symbol of union pride at demonstrations. According to Big Sky Balloons and Searchlights, who is the exclusive maker of the balloons, they were originally made for Chicago unions but have spread throughout the nation.

After McGarvey's tweet there were immediately hostile responses. Carpenters Union Local 157 member, Gregory Butler wrote on Facebook

:“As usual, nobody bothered to ask the membership what we think about that! I've been a shop steward for 15 years and I just found out about this decision from you! Sorry, but that's that bullshit.”

Big Sky's website boasts:

“Our rats have been seen from the front page of the Wall Street Journal to the New Yorker.They have been in hundreds of newspaper articles and even appeared on several T.V. shows such as the Sopranos.”

In 2011 the National Labor Relations Board had to issue a ruling as to whether the giant rats were picket signs, since picket signs are prohibited at certain work-sites. The NLRB ruled that the rat balloons were exempt from the law since they "constituted symbolic speech".

The giant rats are not that cheap. They range in price from $2,000 to $8,000; Union groups who have bought them will not want to retire them until they get a good return on their investment. Cindy Harrity, a union organizer for CWA Local 1298 in Hamden Connecticut said her union saved for years to buy their rat:

“I worked really hard to get that rat. We love our ratI. It gets workers really enthusiastic at rallies.”

Harrity tweeted back at McGarvey as to why Scabby should be put out to pasture.

MacGarvey replied:

“The rat symbolizes intimidation tactics of 30 years ago. We want to engage owners re: our value proposition not threaten them.”

McGarvey and many other construction union leaders want to take a business-friendly approach rather than an adversarial approach to their relationship with management.

The construction unions' council website says:

“We will prove to contractors and owners that a partnership with North America’s Building Trades Unions is the best investment they will ever make.”

Union leaders point out that union projects are more likely than non-union contracts to be finished on time and without cost overruns according to union leaders.

Notice that those who are opposed to unions do not take this positive position but are working hard and quite effectively at limiting union and working-class power in every way possible They try to use negative propaganda about unions at every turn.

The rank and file of unions may not put up with this new "be nice" campaign. Construction worker Gregory Butler said:

“I've been in this union for 20 years.I got in when ’the men with the broken noses‘ ran it, so I know a little bit about intimidation. The rat was a symbol of the end of the era of the wiseguys and their-side deals with rat contractors. As for that ‘engage owners re: our value proposition’ Mark Breslin bullshit, I'm sorry, but the owners know they can get people to do our $ 46/hr jobs for $7. All the ’value proposition’ in the world isn't going to change that fact.”

The US union movement chose the route of Gompers' that led to "business unionism", rather than confrontation with capital. .Labor historian Melvyn Dubofsky writes:

"By 1896 Gompers and the AFL were moving to make their peace with Capitalism and the American system. Although the AFL had once preached the inevitability of class conflict and the need to abolish 'wage slavery', it slowly and almost imperceptibly began to proclaim the virtues of class harmony and the possibilities of a more benevolent Capitalism."[

When US capitalism was thriving in the Golden Age, after the second World War, union membership grew and peaked but ever since it has been in decline as globalization weakens the power of unions to bargain for better wages or working conditions. Now advanced capitalist countries are imposing austerity measures that will not only make unions weaker but also cut the safety net and savage any entitlements that workers in general were able to gain through the power of democracy.

Democracy itself is now a system run to a considerable degree by money much of it in the interests of capital. Any union movement which thinks that it can win concessions out of such a system by being nice is bound to decline in power even further and lose even more members. US unions are adopting the same viewpoint of many other businesses. Their problems will be solved by rebranding.!